{"url":"https://lrlabs.ai/t/usca_v9_effective_2010","engine":"deterministic","llm_in_path":false,"id":"usca_v9_effective_2010","question":"From when does Article V(9) apply, and do pre-2010 days count?","answer":"Article V(9) has effect only from 1 January 2010 (Fifth Protocol, Art 27(3); the Protocol entered into force 15 December 2008). Pre-2010 activity does not count toward the 183-day computation.","pinpoint":"Fifth Protocol, Art 27(3); Article V(9)","confidence":"settled","as_at":"10 Jul 2026","treaty":"USA–Canada","value":2010}